01 · Foundations one-liners02 · Hadiths 1–6 grid03 · Hadiths 7–12 grid04 · Hadiths 13–17 grid05 · Hadiths 18–23 grid
Lesson 1 — Foundations one-linersopen lesson →
Memorise these one-liners — they answer most foundation questions.
- Nawawi: Yahya ibn Sharaf, محيي الدين أبو زكريا, born 631 AH in Nawa, Syria, Shafi'i, died ~45 in 676 AH.
- A hadith = sanad (chain) + matn (text).
- Sahih = 5 conditions: continuous chain · upright narrators · precision · no shudhudh · no 'illah.
- Sahih → Hasan → Da'if as narrator precision drops. Hasan/Da'if can rise via supporting chains (li-ghayrihi).
- Mutawatir = certain knowledge (qat'i). Ahad = probable (zanni): Gharib 1 · Aziz 2 · Mashhur 3–9.
- Nawawi's 40 are mostly from Bukhari & Muslim; each hadith is a foundational principle of the religion.
📹 Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| Sunnah vs Ḥadīth | Ḥadīth = the report that came down; Sunnah = the lived practice it points to. Linguistically: sunnah = 'a way', ḥadīth = 'speech'. |
| 4 categories of Sunnah | qawl (saying) · fiʿl (action) · taqrīr (tacit approval) · ṣifah (characteristic — khalqiyyah/physical + khuluqiyyah/moral). |
| Rank of the Sunnah | al-maṣdar ath-thānī — the second source of legislation after the Qur'an, and binding. |
| The 5 legal rulings | wājib · ḥarām · mandūb (mustaḥabb) · makrūh · mubāḥ. |
| Sunnah explains the Qur'an | mujmal → mubayyan (ṣalāh's how) · muṭlaq → muqayyad (the 'hand' in 5:38) · general → specific (لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ). |
| ṣaḥīḥ vs ḥasan | Only precision (ḍabṭ) drops a degree — the other 4 conditions stay full. Full ḍabṭ → ṣaḥīḥ; lighter → ḥasan. |
| Fabricated (mawḍūʿ) | A sound meaning ≠ an authentic attribution (e.g. الحِكْمَةُ ضَالَّةُ المُؤْمِن is not authentic). |
| Why these 40? | (1) jawāmiʿ al-kalim — concise yet complete; (2) each is a qāʿidah, a foundational rule of the dīn. |
| sanad demo | Mālik ← Nāfiʿ ← Ibn ʿUmar; matn = صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى. Direct receipt: ḥaddathanā / akhbaranā / samiʿtu. |
| ṣaḥīḥ — linguistic | = salīm — free of defect/disease. |
Lesson 2 — Hadiths 1–6 gridopen lesson →
The shortcut grid — number → theme keyword → narrator. Drill this until you can recite it cold.
| # | Theme | Narrator |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Intentions (niyyah) | Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) |
| 2 | Jibril — islam/iman/ihsan | Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) |
| 3 | Five pillars | Abdullah ibn Umar (RA) |
| 4 | Creation & qadar | Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (RA) |
| 5 | Bid'ah rejected | Aisha (RA) |
| 6 | Halal/haram & the heart | Nu'man ibn Bashir (RA) |
📹 Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| 'Innamā' (Hadith 1) | A particle of restriction (ḥaṣr) — 'actions are nothing but by intentions.' |
| Niyyah — 2 functions | (1) directs the deed to Allah; (2) tamyīz — distinguishes one act from another (farḍ vs sunnah). |
| 3 kinds of ʿamal | limbs (jawāriḥ) · tongue (lisān) · heart (qalb) — all governed by intention. |
| 2 conditions of an accepted deed | ikhlāṣ (sincerity — Hadith 1) + conformity to the Sunnah (Hadith 5). |
| Imam Aḥmad | 'Islam is built on three hadiths' — 1, 5 and 6. |
| Iḥsān — 2 stations | mushāhadah (as if you see Him) · murāqabah (He sees you). |
| Islam vs Imān | Paired in one text → outward vs inward; used alone → each carries the whole religion. |
| Imān — 3 components | taṣdīq (heart) + iqrār (tongue) + ʿamal (limbs). |
| Bidʿah (ash-Shāṭibī) | An invented way in the religion, resembling the legislated, as exaggerated devotion. Worldly innovation is exempt. |
| Why bidʿah is grave | Rivals the Lawgiver · the dīn is perfected (Q5:3) · burdens an easy religion · 'each bidʿah kills a Sunnah'. |
| Default ruling | Worldly things: al-aṣl al-ibāḥah (allowed till forbidden). Worship: default is restriction (nothing without proof). |
| 5 levels of waraʿ | leave ḥarām · do farḍ · leave makrūh · do mandūb · leave the doubtful. |
Lesson 3 — Hadiths 7–12 gridopen lesson →
The shortcut grid — number → theme keyword → narrator.
| # | Theme | Narrator |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Naseeha (sincerity) | Tamim al-Dari (RA) |
| 8 | Sanctity (blood & wealth) | Abdullah ibn Umar (RA) |
| 9 | Ability & ease | Abu Hurairah (RA) |
| 10 | Pure (halal) earnings | Abu Hurairah (RA) |
| 11 | Leave doubt (wara') | al-Hasan ibn Ali (RA) |
| 12 | Mind your own deen | Abu Hurairah (RA) |
📹 Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| Why 'ad-dīn an-naṣīḥah' | Definite + definite = ḥaṣr (restriction): 'the religion is sincere counsel.' naṣīḥah root = to strain honey pure. |
| Correcting leaders | Done privately (Imam Mālik: 'between you and him') with duʿāʾ — never public shaming. |
| Hadith 8 — qitāl ≠ qatl | Fighting/subduing, not slaughter; 'the people' = al-ḥarbiyyūn (belligerents), not peaceful non-Muslims. |
| Why only ṣalāh + zakāt (H8) | Fasting & Hajj not yet obligatory; foremost bodily + financial worship. Abū Bakr fought the zakāt-withholders. |
| No compulsion (H8) | Q2:256 governs it; Usāmah rebuked — 'هَلَّا شَقَقْتَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ' (did you split open his heart?). |
| Hadith 9 asymmetry | Forbidden → avoid completely; commanded → do 'مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ' (as you can). Maxim: hardship brings ease. |
| Two destroyers (H9) | Excessive questioning + opposing the prophets (the Children of Israel and the cow). |
| 3 conditions of acceptance (H10) | sincerity + conformity to the Sharīʿah + a lawful (ṭayyib) state. ḥarām income: ribā, qimār, maytah, hidden defects. |
| Rights (H10) | ḥuqūq Allāh may be forgiven; ḥuqūq al-ʿibād need the person's pardon; public-property wrong is gravest. |
| Hadith 11 maxim | al-yaqīnu lā yuzālu bi-sh-shakk — certainty isn't removed by doubt. sibṭ = daughter's son, ḥafīd = son's son. |
| Hadith 12 — Ibn al-Qayyim | takhliyah (emptying of sin) before taḥliyah (adorning with virtue) — the first station of self-purification. |
| H12 ≠ ignore sin | The ship parable + Abū Bakr on Q5:105 — failing to stop a wrongdoer can bring punishment on all. |
Lesson 4 — Hadiths 13–17 gridopen lesson →
The shortcut grid — number → theme keyword → narrator.
| # | Theme | Narrator |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | Brotherhood (love) | Anas ibn Malik (RA) |
| 14 | Three cases for blood | Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (RA) |
| 15 | Guard the tongue | Abu Hurairah (RA) |
| 16 | Do not get angry | Abu Hurairah (RA) |
| 17 | Ihsan in all things | Shaddad ibn Aws (RA) |
📹 Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| Anas (H13) | Kunyah Abū Ḥamzah (from the Prophet ﷺ); served him 10 years; duʿāʾ for wealth, children, long life. |
| Faith (H13) | al-īmānu yazīdu wa-yanquṣu — faith increases and decreases. Plus 'dislike for him what you dislike for yourself.' |
| H14 — the 3 cases | married zānī (muḥṣan) · an-nafs bi-n-nafs (qiṣāṣ) · the one who leaves religion + community (murtadd) — men & women alike. |
| H14 — proofs | 17:33 · 18:29 · 109:6; zinā needs 4 eyewitnesses. Preserves ḥifẓ an-nafs + ḥifẓ an-nasl. |
| H15 — structure | 'Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day…' repeated 3×, once per command (speak good · neighbour · guest). |
| H15 — neighbour | Honoured regardless of religion; the Prophet ﷺ hosted a Christian delegation. Send him cooked food, visit when sick. |
| H16 — meaning | 'Do not get angry' = control it, don't act on it; avoid the triggers. The questioner = Abū Dardāʾ. |
| H16 — proofs | 'The strong man controls himself in anger'; Q3:134 (restrain anger + pardon). Anger at injustice is praiseworthy. |
| H17 — 3 senses | do good to others (55:60) · itqān (perfect the deed) · worship as if you see Him. |
| H17 — 3 Qur'anic angles | command 16:90 · reward 55:60 · love 2:195; parents 17:23. kataba = made obligatory (cf. 2:183). |
Lesson 5 — Hadiths 18–23 gridopen lesson →
The shortcut grid — number → theme keyword → narrator.
| # | Theme | Narrator |
|---|---|---|
| 18 | Taqwa & good character | Abu Dharr & Mu'adh ibn Jabal (RA) |
| 19 | Guard Allah, He guards you | Abdullah ibn Abbas (RA) |
| 20 | Haya' (modesty) | Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari (RA) |
| 21 | Istiqamah (steadfastness) | Sufyan ibn Abdullah (RA) |
| 22 | Obligations → Paradise | Jabir ibn Abdullah (RA) |
| 23 | Purity / dhikr / Quran | Abu Malik al-Ash'ari (RA) |
📹 Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| H18 — two halves | ḥuqūq Allāh (taqwā = murāqabah) + ḥuqūq al-ʿibād (good character). |
| taqwā = wiqāyah | A shield/helmet against Allah's anger; the thorn-strewn-path image. Real test: same alone as in a crowd. |
| 'an-nās' (H18) | Good character is owed to all people, not just Muslims — against tribal ʿaṣabiyyah. |
| Erase a bad deed (H18) | tawbah + a good deed polishes the heart's black spot (83:14). |
| H19 — fuller tail | 'Know Allah in ease, He knows you in hardship… victory with patience, relief with distress, with hardship ease.' |
| H19 — tawakkul | 'حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ' (8:64); a person is only a means (1:5). |
| H20 — two readings | (1) if proper, do it openly; (2) major = a warning: no shame → no restraint from sin. |
| H20 — earlier law | 3 categories: affirmed (fasting 2:183) · rejected (Sabbath ban) · reported only (Yūsuf's reward). |
| H20 — ḥayāʾ | 'I was sent to perfect noble character.' Faith = 70-odd branches; ḥayāʾ is one. ʿUthmān's modesty. |
| H21 — istiqāmah | The straight path; Hūd 11:112 + Fuṣṣilat 41:30. Kept by muḥāsabah; istiqāmah vs iltizām. |
| H22 — īmān in 3 | heart (taṣdīq) + tongue (iqrār) + limbs (deeds). |
| H22 — conditional duties | Hajj (needs means + safe road) & zakāt (needs niṣāb) don't fall on everyone alike. |