Three concession topics. The numbers are the trap: 24 h resident / 72 h traveller for khuffayn, and the 4 causes of obligatory ghusl.
1 · Wiping over the Khuffayn الخفّين
Khuffayn = dual of khuff: leather footwear covering the feet up to and including the ankles. Wiping over them instead of washing the feet is established by the Prophet's ﷺ practice.
5 conditions for validity
- Worn after a complete wudū (in a state of purity).
- Cover the whole area obligatory to wash — up to and including the ankles.
- Prevent water from reaching the feet (except at the seams).
- Durable enough to walk on continuously.
- Pure (ṭāhir) — including tanned leather of a dead animal.
Duration & when it starts
- Resident: 1 day & night (24 h). Traveller: 3 days & nights (72 h).
- The period begins at the first ḥadath (breaking wudū) after putting them on — not from wearing them, not from the first wipe. (Wudū at Fajr, wear khuffayn, break wudū at sunrise → count from sunrise.)
- Started resident then travels → only 1 day & night. Started traveller then resides → completes as a resident (more cautious).
How to wipe & what breaks it
- Obligatory: wipe any part (even small) of the upper surface. The underside alone is not enough. Sunnah: wipe upper + lower in lines.
- 3 invalidators: (1) removing the khuffayn (both, one, or they fall off); (2) expiry of the wiping period; (3) something occurring that requires ghusl (e.g. janābah) — because wiping replaces washing the feet, not washing the body.
Thin modern socks: wiping is valid only if they are thick & sturdy like leather, walkable, cover the ankles, pure, and worn after wudū. Most socks today fail this (Shāfiʿī / majority). Ibn Ḥazm & Ibn Taymiyyah permitted even thin socks.
2 · Bandages & Dressings الجبائر والعصائب
- Jabīrah = splint on a broken limb; ʿiṣābah = dressing over a wound.
- If a bandage is needed, 3 things are required: (1) wash the healthy parts of the limb; (2) wipe over the whole bandage; (3) perform tayammum for the injured part.
- No fixed time limit — wipe as long as the excuse lasts. When the wound heals, washing becomes obligatory.
- Same ruling for minor (ḥadath aṣghar) & major (akbar) impurity.
- Must make up the prayer (qaḍāʾ) if: the bandage was placed without purity (and can't be removed); it is on a tayammum organ (face or hands); or it covers more healthy area than needed.
3 · Ghusl الغسل
Ghusl = causing water to flow over the entire body with intention (niyyah). Types: obligatory (farḍ) and recommended (mandūb) — ghusl for cleanliness is mustaḥabb; ghusl required for a valid act of worship is wājib.
4 causes of OBLIGATORY ghusl
- Janābah (major ritual impurity)
- Ḥayḍ (menstruation)
- Wilādah / Nifās (childbirth / postnatal bleeding)
- Death
The 2 causes of Janābah
- Emission of semen (manī) — by a wet dream, stimulation, etc. ("Yes, if she sees the fluid.")
- Sexual intercourse, even without emission ("When the two circumcised parts meet, ghusl is obligatory").
5 acts forbidden in janābah
- Prayer (obligatory or voluntary).
- Staying / sitting in the mosque (passing through is allowed).
- Ṭawāf around the Kaʿbah.
- Reciting the Qurʾān.
- Touching or carrying the muṣḥaf.
Scope note: the course's ghusl lesson focuses on what obligates ghusl and the janābah rulings above (not a separate farḍ-vs-sunnah breakdown of the wash itself). Drill the 4 causes and the 5 janābah prohibitions.
Numbers first — examiners love "how long?" and "from when?".
Khuffayn at a glance
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Resident duration | 1 day & night = 24 h |
| Traveller duration | 3 days & nights = 72 h |
| Period starts | At the first ḥadath after putting them on |
| Resident → traveller | Only 24 h |
| Traveller → resident | Complete as resident (24 h) |
| Obligatory wipe | Any part of the upper surface |
| 5 conditions | 3 invalidators |
|---|---|
| Worn after complete wudū | Removing the khuffayn |
| Cover up to + incl. the ankles | Expiry of the period |
| Prevent water reaching feet | Anything requiring ghusl (janābah) |
| Durable for walking | |
| Pure (ṭāhir) |
Bandage / splint rules
| Case | Rule |
|---|---|
| Bandage / splint needed | Wash the healthy parts → wipe the whole bandage → tayammum for the injured part |
| Time limit | None — wipe until the excuse (wound) ends, then wash |
| Repeat the prayer (qaḍāʾ) if | Placed without purity · on a tayammum organ (face / hands) · covers excess healthy skin |
Ghusl
| 4 causes of obligatory ghusl | 2 causes of janābah | 5 forbidden in janābah |
|---|---|---|
| Janābah | Emission of semen | Prayer |
| Ḥayḍ (menstruation) | Intercourse (even w/o emission) | Staying in the mosque (passing OK) |
| Nifās (childbirth) | Ṭawāf | |
| Death | Reciting Qurʾān | |
| Touching / carrying the muṣḥaf |