Three concession topics. The numbers are the trap: 24 h resident / 72 h traveller for khuffayn, and the 4 causes of obligatory ghusl.
1 · Wiping over the Khuffayn الخفّين
Khuffayn = dual of khuff: leather footwear covering the feet up to and including the ankles. Wiping over them instead of washing the feet is established by the Prophet's ﷺ practice.
5 conditions for validity
- Worn after a complete wudū (in a state of purity).
- Cover the whole area obligatory to wash — up to and including the ankles.
- Prevent water from reaching the feet (except at the seams).
- Durable enough to walk on continuously.
- Pure (ṭāhir) — including tanned leather of a dead animal.
Duration & when it starts
- Resident: 1 day & night (24 h). Traveller: 3 days & nights (72 h).
- The period begins at the first ḥadath (breaking wudū) after putting them on — not from wearing them, not from the first wipe. (Wudū at Fajr, wear khuffayn, break wudū at sunrise → count from sunrise.)
- Started resident then travels → only 1 day & night. Started traveller then resides → completes as a resident (more cautious).
How to wipe & what breaks it
- Obligatory: wipe any part (even small) of the upper surface. The underside alone is not enough. Sunnah: wipe upper + lower in lines.
- 3 invalidators: (1) removing the khuffayn (both, one, or they fall off); (2) expiry of the wiping period; (3) something occurring that requires ghusl (e.g. janābah) — because wiping replaces washing the feet, not washing the body.
Thin modern socks: wiping is valid only if they are thick & sturdy like leather, walkable, cover the ankles, pure, and worn after wudū. Most socks today fail this (Shāfiʿī / majority). Ibn Ḥazm & Ibn Taymiyyah permitted even thin socks.
2 · Bandages & Dressings الجبائر والعصائب
- Jabīrah = splint on a broken limb; ʿiṣābah = dressing over a wound.
- If a bandage is needed, 3 things are required: (1) wash the healthy parts of the limb; (2) wipe over the whole bandage; (3) perform tayammum for the injured part.
- No fixed time limit — wipe as long as the excuse lasts. When the wound heals, washing becomes obligatory.
- Same ruling for minor (ḥadath aṣghar) & major (akbar) impurity.
- Must make up the prayer (qaḍāʾ) if: the bandage was placed without purity (and can't be removed); it is on a tayammum organ (face or hands); or it covers more healthy area than needed.
3 · Ghusl الغسل
Ghusl = causing water to flow over the entire body with intention (niyyah). Types: obligatory (farḍ) and recommended (mandūb) — ghusl for cleanliness is mustaḥabb; ghusl required for a valid act of worship is wājib.
4 causes of OBLIGATORY ghusl
- Janābah (major ritual impurity)
- Ḥayḍ (menstruation)
- Wilādah / Nifās (childbirth / postnatal bleeding)
- Death
The 2 causes of Janābah
- Emission of semen (manī) — by a wet dream, stimulation, etc. ("Yes, if she sees the fluid.")
- Sexual intercourse, even without emission ("When the two circumcised parts meet, ghusl is obligatory").
5 acts forbidden in janābah
- Prayer (obligatory or voluntary).
- Staying / sitting in the mosque (passing through is allowed).
- Ṭawāf around the Kaʿbah.
- Reciting the Qurʾān.
- Touching or carrying the muṣḥaf.
Scope note: the course's ghusl lesson focuses on what obligates ghusl and the janābah rulings above (not a separate farḍ-vs-sunnah breakdown of the wash itself). Drill the 4 causes and the 5 janābah prohibitions.
Depth, proofs and madhhab detail from Sheikh Haris Rashadi's recorded lectures (videos 17–19) —
behind the points in the Learn tab. Tag ▶ V17 §5 = video 17, section 5.
Off-topic stories & Q&A are kept in From the lectures so nothing is lost.
1 · Wiping over the Khuffayn — deeper
- Why the concession (rukhṣah) exists: hardship of washing the feet when water is scarce or in severe cold. Khuff (also mūzah); khuffayn is its dual (a pair). ▶ V17 §4
- The base evidence: Jarīr ibn ʿAbdillāh al-Bajalī saw the Prophet ﷺ urinate, make wuḍūʾ and wipe the khuffayn without washing the feet; and the Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah hadith — "Leave them, I put them on while pure" (proof of condition 1). ▶ V17 §6–7
- Condition 5 (purity) refined: animal hide is usable only after tanning (dibāgh); but dog & pig hide are NOT usable even after tanning. ▶ V17 §11
- Durations are dalīl-backed (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, narrated by Shurayḥ ibn Hāniʾ, ʿĀʾishah → ʿAlī): 1 day & night resident, 3 days & nights traveller. The 3-day allowance is a rukhṣah; when the ʿillah (reason) lapses, the concession lapses. ▶ V17 §13, §27, §32–33
- The sunnah wiping technique: spread the fingers and draw them in lines (khuṭūṭ) — right hand on the front-top of the right foot, drawn toward the heel; left hand wipes the underside toward the toes simultaneously. Wiping the underside alone is invalid; the ḥikmah for upper-only obligation is that wiping the sole would only soil the hand. ▶ V17 §37, §43–45
- Removal wrinkle: if you remove the khuff while still in wuḍūʾ → no problem, just wash the feet & you may re-wear for a fresh count; if your wuḍūʾ had already broken, you must make a fresh wuḍūʾ (wash the feet). ▶ V17 §48–50
- Major impurity ends the whole duration — janābah, ḥayḍ and nifās all stop the wiping (it replaces washing the feet, not the body), so you start anew. ▶ V17 §52–55
- Socks — the fatwās: Shāfiʿī (al-Majmūʿ of al-Nawawī; Dār al-Iftāʾ Jordan) = strict: thin socks the water penetrates do not qualify. Dār al-Iftāʾ Egypt = lenient on thin socks; Ibn Taymiyyah & Ibn Ḥazm permit even soft/thin ones. The legal hinge is whether water penetrates. Following a reliable permitting view under genuine need is allowed — not as habitual laxity. ▶ V17 §62–68
2 · Bandages & Dressings — deeper
- The aṣl (basis) is the Jābir ibn ʿAbdullāh hadith (Abū Dāwūd): a head-wounded man had a wet dream, was wrongly told he must do ghusl, did so and died. The Prophet ﷺ rebuked: "They killed him! … the cure for ignorance is to ask (شِفَاءُ الْعِيِّ السُّؤَال)" — then taught: tie a cloth over the wound, wipe over it, and wash the rest. ▶ V18 §31–33
- Tayammum at EACH wounded wash-station: when you reach an injured limb during wuḍūʾ, pause and do tayammum for it, then finish the rest. The tayammum limbs are the face & the hands (al-wajh wa-l-yadān). ▶ V18 §6, §24–25
- One tayammum per farḍ prayer — on the Shāfiʿī view the tayammum does not carry over: redo only the tayammum (not the whole wuḍūʾ) for each obligatory prayer; voluntary prayers differ. ▶ V18 §29–30
- No fixed time limit (unlike the 3-day khuffayn) — wipe as long as the need lasts; the ruling tracks the whole dressing, even a small wound under a big bandage. ▶ V18 §35, §44
- Principle: concessions belong to a genuine ḍarūrah, not self-made shortcuts — "toying with the Sharīʿah." Repeating 50+ prayers over a month-long dressing would be severe mashaqqah, which the concession spares. ▶ V18 §13, §17
3 · Ghusl — deeper
- janābah = distance / separation linguistically (Qaṣaṣ 28:11 فَبَصُرَتْ بِهِ عَنْ جُنُبٍ — Mūsā's sister watching from afar); in the Law it names the major-impurity state from emission or intercourse. ▶ V19 §59–63
- The 4 obligating causes restated: janābah, ḥayḍ + nifās, wilādah, and death. Ghusl done with niyyah is worship/reward; without it, mere cleanliness. ▶ V19 §4, §6–7
- iksāl = intercourse without emission. Early ruling "الْمَاءُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ" (water-from-water — ghusl only on emission) was abrogated by the later decisive hadith: "when a man sits between her four parts … even if he does not emit" → ghusl obligatory. ▶ V19 §79–83
- The 5 prohibitions refined: forbidden = praying, sitting in the mosque (the prayer-hall / imām's room / veranda — but an adjoining hall is not "the mosque"; crossing through is allowed), ṭawāf, reciting the Qurʾān, and touching/carrying the muṣḥaf. Qurʾānic dalīl: an-Nisāʾ 4:43 ("…nor in janābah except passing through, until you bathe"). ▶ V19 §14, §106–108
- What counts as forbidden "reciting": imrār — moving the tongue audibly to oneself. Permitted: silent review in the heart (no tongue), and reciting Qurʾānic words with the intention of duʿāʾ / dhikr. Touching the muṣḥaf is forbidden even via its cover/box, but carrying it among other belongings (e.g. in a bag of clothes) is allowed. ▶ V19 §23–30
- Ghusl & faith: "الطُّهُورُ شَطْرُ الْإِيمَان — purity is half of faith," and "Allah loves those who purify themselves." Jumuʿah ghusl was at first obligatory, then became sunnah. ▶ V19 §37, §40, §48
The lectures do not teach the step-by-step ghusl wash procedure (V17 §56 defers it; V19 covers only the obligating causes, prohibitions, definition & evidence). On nifās, the lecturer mentions an outer range loosely (around forty days) — no fixed count is taught; the precise ḥayḍ/nifās durations belong to Lesson 4.
Numbers first — examiners love "how long?" and "from when?".
Khuffayn at a glance
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Resident duration | 1 day & night = 24 h |
| Traveller duration | 3 days & nights = 72 h |
| Period starts | At the first ḥadath after putting them on |
| Resident → traveller | Only 24 h |
| Traveller → resident | Complete as resident (24 h) |
| Obligatory wipe | Any part of the upper surface |
| 5 conditions | 3 invalidators |
|---|---|
| Worn after complete wudū | Removing the khuffayn |
| Cover up to + incl. the ankles | Expiry of the period |
| Prevent water reaching feet | Anything requiring ghusl (janābah) |
| Durable for walking | |
| Pure (ṭāhir) |
Bandage / splint rules
| Case | Rule |
|---|---|
| Bandage / splint needed | Wash the healthy parts → wipe the whole bandage → tayammum for the injured part |
| Time limit | None — wipe until the excuse (wound) ends, then wash |
| Repeat the prayer (qaḍāʾ) if | Placed without purity · on a tayammum organ (face / hands) · covers excess healthy skin |
Ghusl
| 4 causes of obligatory ghusl | 2 causes of janābah | 5 forbidden in janābah |
|---|---|---|
| Janābah | Emission of semen | Prayer |
| Ḥayḍ (menstruation) | Intercourse (even w/o emission) | Staying in the mosque (passing OK) |
| Nifās (childbirth) | Ṭawāf | |
| Death | Reciting Qurʾān | |
| Touching / carrying the muṣḥaf |
Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| Khuffayn evidence | Jarīr al-Bajalī (wiped without washing feet) · Mughīrah: "I put them on while pure" · durations in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (Shurayḥ → ʿAlī) |
| Purity of the khuff | Hide usable only after tanning (dibāgh) — but dog & pig hide never, even tanned |
| Sunnah wipe technique | Spread fingers in lines (khuṭūṭ), top of foot toward the heel; underside alone is invalid |
| Remove khuff while pure vs not | Removed in wuḍūʾ → just wash feet · removed after wuḍūʾ broke → fresh wuḍūʾ |
| Socks fatwās | Strict: Shāfiʿī (al-Majmūʿ) & Dār al-Iftāʾ Jordan · Lenient: Dār al-Iftāʾ Egypt, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Ḥazm — concession for need, not laxity |
| Bandage = Jābir hadith | "The cure for ignorance is to ask" (Abū Dāwūd); tie cloth → wipe over it → wash the rest |
| Tayammum for wounds | One per wounded wash-station; tayammum limbs = face & hands; one tayammum per farḍ prayer (Shāfiʿī: doesn't carry over) |
| Concession principle | Belongs to genuine ḍarūrah, not self-made shortcuts; bandage has no time limit, ruling tracks the whole dressing |
| janābah meaning | Linguistically = distance / separation (Qaṣaṣ 28:11) |
| iksāl & abrogation | iksāl = intercourse w/o emission · early "al-māʾ mina-l-māʾ" abrogated → "four parts meet, even without emission" → ghusl due |
| Forbidden "reciting" | = moving the tongue audibly · allowed: silent heart-review & Qurʾānic words as duʿāʾ; muṣḥaf among belongings may be carried · dalīl an-Nisāʾ 4:43 |