Read each dialogue aloud, then learn the word cards. Toggle Flash mode to hide meanings.
Dialogue 1 — مصطفى & قُصَيّ (where you pray each prayer)
أَيْنَ تُصَلّي الصَّلَواتِ الخَمْسَ؟Where do you pray the five prayers?
أُصَلّي الظُّهْرَ والعَصْرَ والمَغْرِبَ والعِشاءَ في مَسْجِدِ بِلالٍ.I pray Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha in Bilal Mosque.
لِماذا تُصَلّي الفَجْرَ في البَيْتِ؟ — لا أَسْمَعُ الأَذانَ.Why do you pray Fajr at home? — I don't hear the call to prayer.
اِسْتَيْقِظْ مُبَكِّرًا. — لا أَسْتَطيعُ، أَعْمَلُ في اللَّيْلِ.Wake up early. — I can't, I work at night.
ضَعِ المُنَبِّهَ بِجانِبِكَ. — هذه فِكْرةٌ طَيِّبةٌ، جَزاكَ اللهُ خَيْرًا.Put the alarm next to you. — That's a good idea, may God reward you.
Dialogue 2 — عِصام & صالِح (travelling to pray)
أنا مُسافِرٌ إلى مَكّةَ، إلى أَيْنَ أنتَ مُسافِرٌ؟ — أنا مُسافِرٌ إلى المَدينةِ.I'm travelling to Makkah; where are you travelling? — To Madinah.
لِماذا أنتَ مُسافِرٌ إلى مَكّةَ؟ — لِلصَّلاةِ في المَسْجِدِ الحَرامِ.Why are you travelling to Makkah? — To pray in the Sacred Mosque.
كَيْفَ سَتُسافِرُ إلى المَدينةِ؟ — أَرْكَبُ الطّائِرةَ.How will you travel to Madinah? — I'll take the plane.
Dialogue 3 — صادِق & صابِر (to the mosque)
هذا أَذانُ العَصْرِ. — هَيّا بِنا إلى المَسْجِدِ.That's the Asr call. — Let's go to the mosque.
أنا أُصَلّي في البَيْتِ. — الصَّلاةُ في المَسْجِدِ أَفْضَلُ.I pray at home. — Praying in the mosque is better.
المَسْجِدُ بَعيدٌ. — المَسْجِدُ قَريبٌ. هَلْ أنتَ مَريضٌ؟ — لا، أنا بِخَيْرٍ، أنا كَسْلانُ. آسِفٌ.The mosque is far. — The mosque is near. Are you sick? — No, I'm fine; I'm lazy. Sorry.
Unit 6 has no class slides — it was taught from the book plus Sheikh Irfan's recorded
lectures (videos v28–v31), so these are the primary source. Below: the worked grammar and exam-format
drills behind the Learn tab. Tag ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §3 = arabic_v28, section 3.
Off-topic and Unit-5 carry-over material is kept in From the lectures so nothing is lost.
The imperative (الأمر) — how it is actually formed
- Past → present → command. Arabic verbs are grouped by root-letter count (3, 4, 5, 6); the command (al-amr) is built from the present (muḍāriʿ) and ends in a sukūn on its last letter. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §34–§35
- 3-letter rule. Drop the present prefix and add a prefix ا; its vowel is a ḍammah if the present's middle vowel is ḍammah, otherwise a kasrah. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §39, §41–§42
- Worked 3-letter: كَتَبَ → يَكْتُبُ → اُكْتُبْ ("write!") · ضَرَبَ → يَضْرِبُ → اِضْرِبْ ("hit!") · فَتَحَ → يَفْتَحُ → اِفْتَحْ ("open!"). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §36, §38, §40
- Initial-wāw verbs drop the wāw in the present, so the command takes no prefix — just a final sukūn. This is why the lesson's own ضَعْ works: وَضَعَ → يَضَعُ → ضَعْ ("put!") · وَعَدَ → يَعِدُ → عِدْ · وَقَفَ → يَقِفُ → قِفْ · وَهَبَ → يَهَبُ → هَبْ. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §44–§47
- 4/5/6-letter verbs are easy: keep the present verb, just put a sukūn on the last letter — جَاهَدَ → جَاهِدْ ("strive!") · أَكْرَمَ → أَكْرِمْ ("honour!") · اِسْتَيْقَظَ → اِسْتَيْقِظْ ("wake up!", the dialogue's own verb). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §51, §55, §61
- Drill list straight from the board: يَقْرَأُ → اِقْرَأْ · يَكْنُسُ → اُكْنُسْ · يَفْعَلُ → اِفْعَلْ · يُشَاهِدُ → شَاهِدْ · يَأْكُلُ → كُلْ. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V30 §38
The six prayer-unit sentence patterns
- This whole unit is built on six sentence patterns (jumlah) — the textbook's organising spine. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V30 §4, §46
- ① Ask where/when you pray a prayer: أَيْنَ تُصَلّي الفَجْرَ؟; ② Answer: أُصَلّي … في المَسْجِدِ. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V30 §5–§8
- ③ "Where are you going?" إلى أَيْنَ أنتَ ذاهِبٌ؟ — uses the active participle (ism al-fāʿil); ④ Answer: أنا ذاهِبٌ إلى… ("I am going to…"). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V30 §11–§14
- ⑤ The imperative (fiʿl al-amr) — give advice/command (اِسْتَيْقِظْ، ضَعْ); ⑥ "Why?" لِماذا…؟ with the participle (لِماذا أنتَ مُسافِرٌ؟). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V30 §28, §43–§44
- ism al-fāʿil: ذاهِب ("going"), مُسافِر ("travelling") are active participles; أنا ذاهِبٌ إلى المَدْرَسةِ / إلى العَمَلِ. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V30 §11–§13, §15
- The plural of صَلاة is صَلَوات → الصَّلَوات الخَمْس = "the five prayers." ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §12
Question words, «why», and the future سـ
- لِماذا = لِـ + ماذا; on its own ماذا = "what." ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §20
- The لِـ prefix on a verb = "in order to / for the sake of": لِأُصَلّيَ = "so that I may pray." ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V29 §9
- هَلْ turns a statement into a yes/no question and is answered with نَعَم (yes) or لا (no). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §24, §26; V31 §5
- كَيْفَ ("how") + the future سـ: كَيْفَ سَتُسافِرُ إلى المَدينةِ؟ — the سـ prefix makes the verb future. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V29 §14–§15
- Which-country question: مِنْ أَيِّ بَلَدٍ سَلْمان؟; when-question: مَتى يَذْهَبُ؟ — يَوْمَ الخَميسِ ("on Thursday"). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V31 §31, §36
- Reason clause (3rd person): لِأنّهُ يُريدُ أنْ يُصَلّيَ في المَسْجِدِ الحَرامِ ("because he wants to pray…"). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V31 §35
Vocabulary, adjectives & exam-format drills
- Jumuʿah is prayed in المَسْجِد الجامِع (the congregational/grand mosque). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V31 §17
- The two named mosques: المَسْجِد الحَرام (Makkah, the Kaʿbah) · المَسْجِد النَّبَوِيّ (Madinah). ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V29 §19, §21
- Travel vocab: root of مُسافِر is سَفَر ("journey"); بِالسَّيّارةِ ("by car") beside بِالطّائِرةِ ("by plane"); مَكانُ العَمَلِ ("workplace") is a valid prayer spot when the mosque is far. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V29 §4, §16; V31 §15, §33
- مُتَأَخِّر ("late") is the antonym of the quiz's مُبَكِّر ("early"), from تَأَخَّرَ. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V28 §25
- Odd-one-out (exam Q2): صَلاة among foods · أَذان among prayer times · مُنَبِّه among place-names · مائِدة among adjectives. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V29 §50; V31 §59, §62, §64
- Gender agreement (exam Q4): a female addressee takes تَطْلُبينَ / تَسْتَيْقِظينَ, and the adjective becomes مَريضة / مُسافِرة; a male addressee keeps تَشْرَبُ (not يَشْرَبُ) for يا أحمد. ▶ Sheikh Irfan · V31 §72, §74, §78–§80
Six points carry Unit 6. Learn each with its example.
- The command (الأمر / imperative). Take the present verb, drop its prefix, add a helping start: يَسْتَيْقِظُ → اِسْتَيْقِظْ wake up! يَضَعُ → ضَعْ · يَنْتَظِرُ → اِنْتَظِرْ · يَقْرَأُ → اِقْرَأْ · يَأْكُلُ → كُلْ
- Why? → because. لِماذا + present verb; the answer starts with لِأنّ or just لِـ. لِماذا تُصَلّي في البَيْتِ؟ — لِأنّي لا أَسْمَعُ الأَذانَ. لِماذا أنتَ مُسافِرٌ؟ — لِلصَّلاةِ في المَسْجِدِ الحَرامِ.
- Joining with «and» (العطف بالواو). Link a list with وَ: أُصَلّي الظُّهْرَ والعَصْرَ والمَغْرِبَ والعِشاءَ.
- Subject + predicate (مبتدأ وخبر). Definite noun + describing word — no verb «is» needed: المَسْجِدُ قَريبٌ. · المَسْجِدُ بَعيدٌ. · الصَّلاةُ في المَسْجِدِ أَفْضَلُ. · أنتَ كَسْلانُ.
- Ordinals 6th–10th (masculine). السادِس · السابِع · الثامِن · التاسِع · العاشِر
- The future prefix س. Stick سـ on a present verb for the future: يُسافِرُ → سَيُسافِرُ / سَتُسافِرُ he/you will travel
The five prayers, in order
| الفَجْر | الظُّهْر | العَصْر | المَغْرِب | العِشاء |
| dawn | noon | afternoon | sunset | night |
Extra exam facts (from the lectures)
| Point | Recall |
|---|---|
| Imperative — 3-letter rule | Drop the present prefix, add a prefix ا; its vowel = ḍammah if the present's middle vowel is ḍammah (يَكْتُبُ→اُكْتُبْ), else kasrah (يَضْرِبُ→اِضْرِبْ, يَفْتَحُ→اِفْتَحْ) |
| Imperative — initial-wāw | The wāw drops, so no prefix, just a final sukūn: يَضَعُ→ضَعْ, يَعِدُ→عِدْ, يَقِفُ→قِفْ |
| Imperative — 4/5/6-letter | Keep the present verb, put a sukūn on the last letter: جَاهَدَ→جاهِدْ, أَكْرَمَ→أَكْرِمْ, اِسْتَيْقَظَ→اِسْتَيْقِظْ |
| Plural of صَلاة | صَلَوات → الصَّلَوات الخَمْس = "the five prayers" |
| لِماذا & لِـ | لِماذا = لِـ+ماذا; ماذا alone = "what"; لِـ+verb = "in order to" (لِأُصَلّيَ = "to pray") |
| هَلْ questions | Turn a statement into yes/no; answered with نَعَم (yes) or لا (no) |
| كَيْفَ + future سـ | كَيْفَ سَتُسافِرُ؟ — the سـ prefix makes the verb future |
| ism al-fāʿil (participle) | ذاهِب "going" · مُسافِر "travelling"; أنا ذاهِبٌ إلى… answers إلى أَيْنَ…؟ |
| Jumuʿah location | Prayed in المَسْجِد الجامِع (the grand/congregational mosque) |
| Gender agreement | Female addressee → تَطْلُبينَ / تَسْتَيْقِظينَ, adjective → مَريضة / مُسافِرة |
Vocabulary + grammar mixed (incl. 📹 Lecture items), just like the unit's own exercises. Score ≥12/14 on first try to finish the lesson.